S R Computer Institute

Set-4

1. A language acceptable to a computer system is called computer language or programming language and the process of writing instructions in such a language for an already planned program is called programming or coding
2. all computer languages are classified broadly into three categories namely machine language assembly language and high- level language
3. A programming language that a computer understands without using a translation program is called its machine language it is normally written as strings of binary 1 s and 0 s
4. A language that allows representation of instructions and storage locations by letters and symbols instead of number is called assembly language or symbolic language A program written in an assembly language is called assembly language program or symbolic program
5. Assembler is a translator program that translates (converts) an assembly language program (source program) into its equivalent machine language program (object program)
6. machine and assembly languages are often referred to as low-level programming languages because they are machine dependent they require the programmers to have a good knowledge of the internal structure of the computer being used and they deal with machine level coding requiring one instruction to be written for each machine-level operation high-level programming language overcome these limitations of low- level programming languages
7. compiler is a translator program that translates (converts) a high-level language program ( source program) into its equivalent machine- language program ( object program)
8. in addition to translating high-level language instructions into machine language instructions compiler also detect and indicate automatically certain types of errors in source programs we refer to these errors as syntax errors a compiler however cannot detect logic errors in source programs
9. linker is a software tool that takes multiple object program files (modules) of any software and fits them together to assemble them into the program’s final executable form, sometimes called load module
10. interpreter is a translator program that translates ( converts ) a high-level language program into its equivalent machine language program however unlike a compiler that merely translates an entire source program into an object program and is not involved in its execution an interpreter takes one statement of the source program translates it into machine language instructions and then executes the resulting machine language instruction immediately before taking the next statement for translation the interpreter does not generate any object code of the source program
11. object-oriented programming (oop) deals with solving a problem by identifying the real world objects of the problem and the processing required of those objects and then creating simulations of those objects their processes and the required communications between the objects
12. today many different high-level languages are in use because each one was designed for a different purpose some of these are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal,PL/1, C, C++ C#, java Ada ALGOL, R P G, LISP, S N O B O L, AND P R O L O G.
13. Several characteristics believed to be important for making a programming language good are simplicity naturalness abstraction efficiency structured programming support compactness locality extensibility and suitability to its environment
14. the factors that generally influence the process of selecting a programming language out of the ,many options available for coding an application are nature of the application familiarity with the language ease of learning the language availability of program development tools execution efficiency and features of a good programming language
15. A subprogram is a program written in a manner that a programmer can use it in other programs whenever needed without rewriting other names used for it are subroutine sub procedure and function