S R Computer Institute

(Part – 2)

TYPE OF COMPUTER :-

There are three types of computer:-

1.Analog computer

2.Digital computer

3.Hybrid computer

ANALOG COMPUTER :-

The computer, which can measure changes in continuous physical & electrical state such as pressure, temperature, voltage, length etc. is called analog computer. Analog computers are used for scientific and engineering purposes. A  car or bike speed meter is example of analog device.

DIGITAL COMPUTER :-

The computer which represents data by “ON” and “OFF” status is called digital computer. Electronic circuitry characters are stored in the binary rotation which is consists of “0” and “1”. The first digital computer was designed for numerical computations in the late 1940s.

HYBRID COMPUTER :-

The combined effect of analog and digital computer is known as hybrid computer. This system combines the measuring capabilities of the analog computer and logical and central capabilities of the digital Computer. Hybrid computer is classified into six categories.

Hybrid computer categories :-

1.Super Computer

2.Mainframe Computer

3.Micro Computer

4.Mini Computer

5.Personal Computer

6.Laptop

1. SUPER COMPUTER :-

These are the most powerful computer systems available today. Super computer systems are very expensive (cost is in million). It is used in scientific areas such as weather forecasting, nuclear weapon development, government agencies etc., where the need for large data based and complex calculation capabilities is required.

2. MAINFRAME COMPUTER :-

A mainframe computer can process large amounts of data at very high speeds (10 million instruction/sec.) and support many input, output and auxiliary storage devices. Mainframe computers has multi-user facilities and remote job entry stations. Its cost is very high. It is used in airway reservation and railway reservation.

3. MICRO COMPUTER :-

Microcomputer systems are the smallest, cheapest and commonly used computer system. It is based on microprocessor, which is a single IC that contains an ALU as well as control capability for memory and input/ output access.

4. MINI COMPUTER :-

Mini computer systems are the same type of capabilities than mainframe computer but it has smaller primary memory and less powerful than the mainframe system. It is also cheaper than mainframe.

5. PERSONAL COMPUTER:-

Personal computer (PC) is basically microcomputer, which provides the wide range of capabilities and can be used as stand-alone systems. They have become very popular due to their low price, which is within the reach of a large segment of educated population in most of the developed countries.

6. LAPTOP COMPUTER:-

Lap top computer is very small computer system. It is very easy to carry it in hand from one place to other. It has output device based on LCD. Lap top computer is used by businessmen for keeping records of their large business transactions. It helps them for easy reference.

MEMORY CALCULATION IN COMPUTER :-

BIT :-

Bit stands for binary digit. It uses only two symbols i.e., 0 and 1.

BYTE :-

The combination of 8 bits is called byte (i.e., 1Byte = 8 bit). Byte is the smallest unit of data. Every type of data in computer science is measured in terms of byte.

EXAMPLE OF MEMORY CALCULATION :-

4 bit   =   1 nibble.

8 bit   =   1 byte.

1024 byte   =   1 KB (i.e., Kilo Byte).

1024 KB   =   1 MB (i.e., Mega Byte).

1024 MB   =   1 GB (i.e., Giga Byte).

1024 GB   =   1 TB  (i.e.,  Tera Byte).

ALL PARTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM :-

1.Mother Board

2.Monitor

3.Mouse

4.Keyboard

5.Ram

6.Processor (CPU)

7.Hard Disk

8.SMPS (Power Supply)

9.Floppy Disk

10.CPU Fan

11. cabinet

1. MOTHER BOARD :-

The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer. All computer components or Parts attached to the motherboard via cables. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate.
For Ex. Keyboard, Mouse, Processor etc. 

2. SMPS :-

SMPS stands for Switched-Mode Power Supply. It is an electronic power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical power. Its job is to convert wall-voltage AC power to lower voltage DC power. Most computer chips in modern computers require power 1.2-3.3V, with some older devices requiring between 5-12V DC.

3. MONITOR :-

A monitor is an electronic output device that is also known as a video display unit (VDU). It is used to display images, text, video, and graphics information generated by a connected computer.
There are Four types of Monitor:-
(1) CRT, (2) LCD, (3) LED, (4) TFT

4. RAM :-

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the internal memory of the CPU in the form of a hardware device located on the motherboard of a computer.

5. PROCESSOR ( CPU ):-

A Central Processing Unit is also called a processor, central processor unit, or microprocessor. performs all the basic arithmetical and logical operations. It is also known as a brain of the computer.

6. MOUSE :-

A mouse is a small hardware input device used by hand. It controls the movement of the cursor on the computer screen and allows users to move and select folders, text, files, and icons on a computer.  A mouse has three buttons, left, right and scrolling buttons

7. KEYBOARD :-

Keyboard is a set of keys that enables you to enter data into computer. It is the main input device of the computer. It has many keys 101, 104,105 etc. Which can be pressed to make characters like numbers, letters or symbols appear on the screen.
Type of Keyboard
(1)Normal, (2) Flexible, (3) Multimedia, (4) Typing Specialist

BINARY NUMBER AND DECIMAL NUMBER :-

BINARY NUMBER :-

The number system, which has base two, is called binary number system. To represent a number in binary number system any combination of 0’s and 1’s can be used

For Ex. 1101, 1101, 1100 etc.

DECIMAL NUMBER :-

In this system ten digits are used viz., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. These digits represent their absolute value. The base of this number system is 10.

For Ex. 1304, 1786, 1560 etc.

CONVERSION BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL NUMBER :-

The binary number 1100 is equivalent to decimal number 12.

CONVERSION BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL NUMBER :-

The binary number 1011 is equivalent to decimal number 11.

CONVERSION DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY NUMBER :-

The Decimal number 12 is equivalent to Binary number 1100.

The Decimal number 9 is equivalent to Binary number 1001.