(Part-1)
COMPUTER SYSTEM :-
COMPUTER HARDWARE :-
Physical structure of computer is called computer hardware. In other word, we can say that, different part of the computer system is called computer hardware.
Ex: Monitor, mouse, keyboard, etc. are some examples of computer hardware parts.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE :-
The software is a program, which is used to perform some task on the computer.
There are two type of computer software :
1. System Software
2. Application Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE:-
The software which is necessary to operate / boot the computer system is called system software. The computer hardware is useless if there is no any system software. System software is like a mediator between user and computer.
Ex:- Operating System:- Window 7,8,10
Translator program:-
such as compiler, interpreter, assembler etc. are example of system software.
OPERATING SYSTEM :-
The operating system is system software, which is necessary to boot any computer system. The operating system creates an interface between the hardware and the software.
There are two type of operating system:
1.Single User Operating System
2.Multi User Operating System
SINGLE USER OPERATING SYSTEM :-
Every computer for working individually needs single user operating system. It does not provide the facility to communicating with different computer. Its security measures are also poor, but it is cheaper, and consumes less memory space.
MULTI USER OPERATING SYSTEM :-
Multiuser operating system is an operating system program which provides the facility to communicating with different computer. The multiuser operating system is used to connect two or more computer for the sake of sharing the data. It helps the user to communicate with different computer system very easily and quickly. Its security measures are also good, but it is costly, and consumes large amount of memory space.
PROGRAM :-
The step-by-step instruction in any computer language to perform a desired task is called program.
For example, the instruction written in COBOL, BASIC, C, C++ etc. are called program.
PROGRAM :-
The step-by-step instruction in any computer language to perform a desired task is called program.
For example, the instruction written in COBOL, BASIC, C, C++ etc. are called program.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE :-
The software, which is used for specific application/task such as word processing, designing, inventory control, data entry, billing, etc., is called application software. It is also called package. e.g., MS Word, Excel, Power Point, Access, Page Maker, Coral Draw, Photoshop, Tally, AutoCAD, MP3 Player etc. are some example of application software.
GENERATION OF COMPUTER :-
What is THE Generation ?
The computer based upon the older technology of electronics have been replaced by a newer form of machines, and this stages are called Generation of computer. There are five generations of Computer.
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER (1946-1959) :-
(i)Large in size, taking up a lot of space in a room. It weighed over 30 tons
(ii) Very Slow input and output devices.
(iii) High electric consumption.
(iv) Costly to buy.
(v) Limited memory space.
(vi) Depend on vacuum tubes for internal operation.
(Vii ) The first generation computers worked on binary-coded concept ( Language 0,1)
(vii) Required air condition to cool down the heat generated.
(viii) Difficult to maintain.
Ex. Of First Generation Computer:-
1.ENIAC
2.EDVAC
3.UNIVAC
4.IBM-701
5.IBM-650
FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER
VACUUM TUBES
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER (1959-1965) :-
(i)Small in size.
(ii) Low cost.
(iii) faster than the first generation Computer.
(iv) Less electric consumption.
(v) Increased Memory space.
(vi) Using transistor, replacing the vacuum tube.
(vii) Generate less heat.
(viii) Easy to maintain.
Example:-
Second Generation Computer:-
1.IBM 1620
2.IBM 7094
3.CDC 1604
4.CDC 3600
5.UNIVAC 1108.
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTER
TRANSISTORS
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1965 – 1971)
(i) Small in size.
(ii) Low cost.
(iii) High speed.
(iv) Less electric consumption.
(v) Large Memory space, due to replacement of memory in chip.
(vi) Using integrated circuit (IC) replacing transistor.
(vii) The third generation computer generated less heat.
(viii) Easy to maintain.
Example:-
Third Generation Computer:-
•IBM-360 series
•Honeywell-6000 series
•PDP (Personal Data Processor)
•IBM-370/168
•TDC-316
THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER
IC ( Integrated Circuit
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1971 – 1980) :-
(I) Very Small in size.
(ii) Very low cost.
(iii) Very High speed.
(iv) Very less electric consumption.
(v) Much memory space.
(vi) Using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit) replacing IC.
(vii) Generate very less heat.
(viii) Very easy to maintain.
Example:-
Fourth Generation Computer:-
1.DEC 10
2.STAR 1000
3.PDP 11
4.CRAY-1(Super Computer)
5.CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
FOURTH GENERATION OF COMPUTER
VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit)
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1989 –till date)
•ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integrated) technology
•Development of true artificial intelligence
•Development of Natural language processing
•Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life situations
•Natural language understanding and generation
•More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
•Availability of very powerful and cheaper rates
Some computer types of this generation
are −
1.Desktop
2.Laptop
3.NoteBook
4.UltraBook
5.ChromeBook
