1. Who is the father of Computers?
a) James Gosling
b) Charles Babbage
c) Dennis Ritchie
d) Bjarne Stroustrup
Answer: b
Explanation: Charles Babbage is known as the father of computers. Charles Babbage designed and built the first mechanical computer and Difference Engine.
2. Which of the following is the correct abbreviation of COMPUTER?
a) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
b) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Environmental Research
c) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
d) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
Answer: d
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research”. The word COMPUTER also relates to the word COMPUTE which means to calculate. So initially, it was thought that a computer is a device that is used to perform calculations.
3. Which of the following is the correct definition of Computer?
a) Computer is a machine or device that can be programmed to perform arithmetical or logic operation sequences automatically
b) Computer understands only binary language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s
c) Computer is a programmable electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes the data
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation: A computer is a machine or device that can be programmed to perform arithmetical or logic operation sequences automatically. The computer understands only binary codes (0s & 1s).
4. What is the full form of CPU?
a) Computer Processing Unit
b) Computer Principle Unit
c) Central Processing Unit
d) Control Processing Unit
Answer: c
Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. CPU is the part of a computer system that is mainly referred as the brain of the computer.
5. Which of the following language does the computer understand?
a) Computer understands only C Language
b) Computer understands only Assembly Language
c) Computer understands only Binary Language
d) Computer understands only BASIC
Answer: c
Explanation: The Computer understands only binary language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s. A computer can understand assembly language but an assembler is required which convert the assembly language to binary language. Similarly, for understanding high level languages, compilers/interpreters are required.
6. Which of the following computer language is written in binary codes only?
a) pascal
b) machine language
c) C
d) C#
Answer: b
Explanation: Machine Language is written in binary codes only. It can be easily understood by the computer and is very difficult for us to understand. A machine language, unlike other languages, requires no translators or interpreters.
7. Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
a) Central Processing Unit
b) Memory
c) Arithmetic and Logic unit
d) Control unit
Answer: a
Explanation: The CPU is referred to as the brain of a computer.
It consists of a control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit. It is responsible for performing all the processes and operations.
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer?
a) Versatility
b) Accuracy
c) Diligence
d) I.Q.
Answer: d
Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot take decisions of its own.
A computer is diligent because it can work continuously for hours without getting any errors or without getting grumbled.
The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.
9. Which of the following is the smallest unit of data in a computer?
a) Bit
b) KB
c) Nibble
d) Byte
Answer: a
Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data in a computer system. It is used as a short form of Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A nibble comprises 4 bits, a byte is a collection of 8 bits whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
10. Which of the following unit is responsible for converting the data received from the user into a computer understandable format?
a) Output Unit
b) Input Unit
c) Memory Unit
d) Arithmetic & Logic Unit
Answer: b
Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the user enters into a language that the computer understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format. The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results in a user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is responsible for storing the data after immediate results of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for various arithmetic and bitwise operations.
11. Which of the following monitor looks like a television and are normally used with non-portable computer systems?
a) LED
b) LCD
c) CRT
d) Flat Panel Monitors
Answer: c
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor looks like a television ideally. The flat-panel monitors are thinner and lighter in comparison.
12. Which of the following is not a type of computer code?
a) EDIC
b) ASCII
c) BCD
d) EBCDIC
Answer: a
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC. EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for information interchange
13. Which of the following part of a processor contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer?
a) Controller
b) Registers
c) Cache
d) Data path
Answer: d
Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which does all the data manipulation and decision making. A processor comprises of:
A data path that contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path what needs to be done.
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data.
14. Which of the following is designed to control the operations of a computer?
a) User
b) Application Software
c) System Software
d) Utility Software
Answer: c
Explanation: Software is basically classified into two: System and application. System Software is designed to control the operations and extend the processing capability of a computer system.
15. Which of the following device use positional notation to represent a decimal number?
a) Pascaline
b) Abacus
c) Computer
d) Calculator
Answer: b
Explanation: Abacus was used to do arithmetic calculations around 2500 years ago. Pascaline was the pascal’s calculator by Blaise Pascal invented for doing laborious calculations.
16. Which of the following is used in EBCDIC?
a) Super Computers
b) Mainframes
c) Machine Codes
d) Programming
Answer: b
Explanation: This concept of EBCDIC was invented by IBM. It is mainly used in the IBM mainframe environment. So basically, mainframes use EBCDIC codes.
17. Which of the following are physical devices of a computer?
a) Hardware
b) Software
c) System Software
d) Package
Answer: a
Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical devices of a computer system. Software refers to a collection of programs. A program is a sequence of instructions.
18. Which of the following defines the assigned ordering among the characters used by the computer?
a) Accumulation
b) Sorting
c) Collating Sequence
d) Unicode
Answer: c
Explanation: Collating sequence is the term used for ordering among characters. It may vary depending upon the type of code used by a computer.
19. Which of the following storage is a system where a robotic arm will connect or disconnect off-line mass storage media according to the computer operating system demands?
a) Magnetic
b) Secondary
c) Virtual
d) Tertiary
Answer: d
Explanation: Tertiary storage is the correct option. It is used in the realms of enterprise storage and scientific computing on large computer systems and business computer networks and is something a typical personal computer never sees firsthand.
20. Which of the following is known as the interval between the instant a computer makes a request for the transfer of data from a disk system to the primary storage and the instance the operation is completed?
a) Disk utilization time
b) Drive utilization time
c) Disk access time
d) Disk arrival time
Answer: d
Explanation: The interval is referred to as the disk arrival time. It depends on several parameters. Generally, a computer makes a request and the operation is served.
21. Which of the following devices provides the communication between a computer and the outer world?
a) Compact
b) I/O
c) Drivers
d) Storage
Answer: b
Explanation: The I/O i.e. the input/output devices provide a means of communication between the computer and the outer world. They are often referred to as peripheral devices sometimes.
22. Which of the following are the input devices that enable direct data entry into a computer system from source documents?
a) System Access devices
b) Data acquiring devices
c) Data retrieving devices
d) Data Scanning devices
Answer: d
Explanation: They are referred to as data scanning devices. They eliminate the need to key in text data into the computer. It demands the high quality of input documents.
23. Which of the following is the device used for converting maps, pictures, and drawings into digital form for storage in computers?
a) Image Scanner
b) Digitizer
c) MICR
d) Scanner
Answer: b
Explanation: A digitizer serves the purpose given in the question. Digitizers are generally used in the area of Computer-Aided Design by architects and engineers to design cars, buildings, etc.
24. Which of the following can access the server?
a) Web Client
b) User
c) Web Browser
d) Web Server
Answer: a
Explanation: Any computer that has access to the web server is called the web client. A web server is any computer that uses the HTTP protocol.
25. Which of the following is known as the language made up of binary-coded instructions?
a) High level
b) BASIC
c) C
d) Machine
Answer: d
Explanation: The language made up of binary-coded instructions built into the hardware of a particular computer and used directly by the computer is machine language.
26. Which of the following package allows individuals to use personal computers for storing and retrieving their personal information?
a) Personal assistance package
b) Graphics package
c) Spreadsheet package
d) Animation package
Answer: a
Explanation: It is a personal assistance package that allows for the same. It helps in planning and managing their schedules, contacts, finances, and inventory of important terms.
27. Which of the following is created when a user opens an account in the computer system?
a) SFD
b) MFD
c) Subdirectory
d) RFD
Answer: c
Explanation: A subdirectory is created when a user opens an account in the computer system. It is treated as a file, though flagged in MFD as a subdirectory.
28. Which of the following is a technique that marked the beginning of computer communications?
a) User Environment
b) Batch Environment
c) Time Sharing
d) Message passing
Answer: c
Explanation: The answer is time-sharing. In time-sharing, Users were able to interact with the computer and could share its information processing resources.
29. Which of the following is a type of technique in which dumb terminals are connected to a central computer system?
a) Time Sharing
b) Message passing
c) Batch environment
d) User environment
Answer: a
Explanation: This happens in time-sharing. In this, users were able to interact with the computer and could share its information processing resources.
30. Which of the following service allows a user to log in to another computer somewhere on the Internet?
a) e-mail
b) UseNet
c) Telnet
d) FTP
Answer: c
Explanation: Telnet is the answer. It is a service that enables the user to log into another computer somewhere on the Internet.
31. Which of the following is not a type of computer on the basis of operation?
a) Digital
b) Analog
c) Hybrid
d) Remote
Answer: d
Explanation: There are three types of computers basically on the basis of operation:
Analog, Digital, and Hybrid.
32. Which of the following type of computer is mostly used for automatic operations?
a) analog
b) digital
c) hybrid
d) remote
Answer: c
Explanation: Hybrid computer is mostly used with automatic operations of complicated physical processes and machines.
33. Which of the following invention gave birth to the much cheaper microcomputers?
a) PDAs
b) Microprocessors
c) Microcomputers
d) Mainframes
Answer: b
Explanation: The invention of the microprocessor (also called a single-chip CPU) gave birth to much cheaper microcomputers.
34. Which of the following computers are lower than mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage capacity?
a) Mainframes
b) Hybrid
c) Mini
d) Super
Answer: c
Explanation: The answer is a. Mini computers are compared to mainframe computers in terms of:
1. speed and, 2. storage capacity.
35. Which of the following is the first neural network computer?
a) AN
b) AM
c) RFD
d) SNARC
Answer: d
Explanation: SNARC was the first neural network computer. it was built by Minsky and Edmonds in 1956.
36. Which unit is responsible for converting the data received from the user into a computer understandable format?
a) Memory Unit
b) Arithmetic & Logic Unit
c) Input Unit
d) Output Unit
Answer: c
Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the user enters into a language which the computer understands, i.e. it converts the data into binary format. The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results in user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is responsible for storing the data after immediate results of processing whereas; the ALU is responsible for various arithmetic and bitwise operations.
37. The only language which the computer understands is ______________
a) Assembly Language
b) Binary Language
c) BASIC
d) C Language
Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer understands only binary language which is written in the form of 0s & 1s. A computer can understand assembly language but an assembler is required which converts the assembly language to binary language. Similarly, for understanding high level languages, compilers/interpreters are required.
38. The smallest unit of data in computer is ________________
a) Byte
b) Nibble
c) Bit
d) KB
Answer: c
Explanation: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data in a computer system. It is used as a short form of Binary Digit. A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A nibble comprises of 4 bits, a byte is a collection of 8 bits whereas KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.
39. One nibble is equivalent to how many bits?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation: A nibble is defined as a unit of data which comprises of 4 binary digits or half of 8-bit byte. Therefore, 1 nibble = 4 bits. A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer system. A byte = 8 bits, therefore, half of a byte=4 bits=a nibble.
40. Which of the following describes the correct format of an input instruction?
a) IN 82
b) INPUT 82
c) INP 82
d) 82 INP
Answer: a
Explanation: The input/output instructions are used to transfer information between external peripherals and the CPU. The correct format of an input instruction is: IN 8-bit port address.
Here, IN 82 is the correct option, where 82 is the designated port address. All the other options are invalid.
41. The input machine which originated in the United States around 1880s is a ___________
a) Mouse
b) Joystick
c) Keyboard
d) Bar Code Reader
Answer: c
Explanation: A keyboard is an input device which originated in the 1880s and is used to give instructions to the computer in the form of letters and numbers. Mouse is used for the selection of various objects on the screen, joystick is mainly used for gaming purpose and bar code readers are used for reading the bar-codes.
42. What does the COMPUTER stand for?
a) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
b) Commonly Occupied Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
c) Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Environmental Research
d) Commonly Oriented Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research
Answer: a
Explanation: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research”. The word COMPUTER also relates to the word COMPUTE which means to calculate. So, initially it was thought that a computer is a device which is used to perform calculations.
43. 1 yottabyte = ______________
a) 1024 TB
b) 1024 EB
c) 1024 ZB
d) 1024 PB
Answer: c
Explanation: 1 yottabyte is equal to 1024 ZB, which stands for zettabyte. Further, 1 ZB=1024 EB (exabyte) and and 1 EB=1024PB (petabyte).
44. Which of the following is not a function of the Input Unit?
a) It reads instructions and data from the outside world
b) It converts the data into computer acceptable format
c) It makes the data into user understandable format
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer for further processing
Answer: c
Explanation: The input unit converts the data into computer understandable format i.e. binary format and not the user understandable format. It is the duty of the output unit to make the data into user understandable format.
45. Label the parts 1 and 2:
a) 1.ALU 2. MU
b) 1.Output unit 2.Input Unit
c) 1.MU 2. ALU
d) 1.Input Unit 2.Output Unit
Answer: d
Explanation: The above diagram is a simple explanation which describes how the instruction is given to the CPU, how it is processed, and then how the result is obtained.
So here, the input unit is used to give instructions to the central processing unit and the output unit is responsible for giving the result to the user.
46. The process of producing useful information for the user is called ___________
a) Controlling
b) Outputting
c) Inputting
d) Processing
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output Unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the form of a printed report or visual display. The process is referred to as outputting. Controlling is nothing but the manner and sequence in which the instructions are being operated. Inputting means giving instructions to the system whereas, processing means performing certain operations and calculations.
47. The output unit converts the data entered by the user into computer understandable form.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for converting the computer obtained data into user understandable format. The Input Unit is responsible for converting the data in computer understandable format.
48. VDU stands for __________
a) Virtual Display Unit
b) Visual Display Unit
c) Virtual Detection Unit
d) Visual Detection Unit
Answer: b
Explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as the monitor who basically is used to give the results or outputs to the user. It comprises of a cathode ray tube internally.
49. What does SVGA stand for?
a) Standard Visual Graphics Array
b) Super Visual Graphics Array
c) Standard Video Graphics Array
d) Super Video Graphics Array
Answer: d
Explanation: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of Visual Display Unit.It supports 1024 by 768 pixels with 16 million different operations.
50. The devices that used to give single or multiple colored images and drawings are ____________
a) Monitors
b) Printers
c) Plotters
d) VDUs
Answer: c
Explanation: Plotters are the devices which are used to give colored images. They use ink pens or ink jets for drawing. Pens of different colors and shades are used for shading and styling.
51. A special request originated from some device to the CPU to acquire some of its time is called ___________
a) Disturbance
b) Attenuation
c) Interrupt
d) Noise
Answer: c
Explanation: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes control of the system bus for some time, then performs all the operations and gives back control to the CPU. It is usually identified by some number and is handled by the interrupt controller.
52. Line Printers that print one line at a time are _________
a) Laser Printers
b) Inkjet Printers
c) Drum Printers and Chain Printers
d) Chain Printers and Inkjet Printers
Answer: c
Explanation: Both the Drum and Chain printers are actually Line Printers. The drum printers have a solid cylindrical drum with characters embossed on its surface in the form of circular bands. It can only print a predefined set of characters. Chain printers has character slugs arranged in a specific order and it uses a continuous loop of chain for printing these characters.
53. A ___________________ monitor looks like a television and are normally used with non-portable computer systems.
a) CRT
b) LCD
c) LED
d) Flat Panel Monitors
Answer: a
Explanation: A CRT (or the Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor looks like a television ideally. The flat panel monitors are thinner and lighter in comparison.
54. Which of the following is not a function of the Output Unit?
a) It produces results that can be easily understood by the user
b) It accepts the results produced by the computer
c) It supplies the data and instructions to the outside world
d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer for further processing
Answer: d
Explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the form of a printed report or visual display. It is not responsible for giving the instructions back to the CPU for processing.
55.. PCI stands for _________
a) Peripheral Component Interconnect
b) Partial Component Interconnect
c) Peripheral Component Interaction
d) Partial Component Interaction
Answer: a
Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can function as a peripheral bus. Compared with others, it delivers better system performance.
56.____________ is the raw material used as input and __________ is the processed data obtained as output of data processing.
a) Data, Instructions
b) Instructions, Program
c) Data, Program
d) Program, Code
Answer: a
Explanation: Data can be assumed as a raw material which, in turns after processing gives the desired output in the form of instructions. Further, a set of ordered and meaningful instructions is known as a program.
57.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer?
a) Diligence
b) I.Q.
c) Accuracy
d) Versatility
Answer: b
Explanation: The Computer system has no I.Q. of its own. It does only what it is programmed to do. It cannot take decisions of its own.
A computer is diligent because it can work continuously for hours without getting any errors or without getting grumbled.
The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and its level of accuracy depends on its design. A computer can perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.
58. Fill in the blank in the diagram.
a) Input Unit
b) Memory Unit
c) Control Unit
d) I/O Unit
Answer: c
Explanation: The control unit manages and coordinates the operations of a computer system. The ALU is responsible for performing all the arithmetic and bitwise operations . Therefore, both these units combine to form the brain of the computer ,which is the central processing unit.
59.The part of a processor which contains hardware necessary to perform all the operations required by a computer:
a) Data path
b) Controller
c) Registers
d) Cache
Answer: a
Explanation: A processor is a part of the computer which does all the data manipulation and decision making. A processor comprises of:
A data path which contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path what needs to be done.
The registers act as intermediate storage for the data.
60. What does MAR stand for?
a) Main Address Register
b) Memory Access Register
c) Main Accessible Register
d) Memory Address Register
Answer: d
Explanation: MAR is a type of register which is responsible for the fetch operation. MAR is connected to the address bus and it specifies the address for the read and write operations.
61. If the control signals are generated by combinational logic, then they are generated by a type of _______________ controlled unit.
a) Micro programmed
b) Software
c) Logic
d) Hardwired
Answer: d
Explanation: The main task of a control unit is to generate control signals. There are two main types of control units:
A hardwired control unit generates control signals by using combinational logic circuits and the Micro programmed control unit generates control signals by using some softwares.
62 . Which is the simplest method of implementing hardwired control unit?
a) State Table Method
b) Delay Element Method
c) Sequence Counter Method
d) Using Circuits
Answer: a
Explanation: There are 3 ways of implementing hardwired control unit:
A state table is the simplest method in which a number of circuits are designed based on the cells in the table.
A delay element method consists of a flowchart drawn for the circuit. A D-flip flop is used as a delay element.
A sequence counter method used k-modulo counter as a replacement for k delay elements.
63. A set of microinstructions for a single machine instruction is called ___________
a) Program
b) Command
c) Micro program
d) Micro command
Answer: c
Explanation: For every micro-operation, a set of microinstructions are written which indicate the control signals to be activated. A set of microinstructions is a micro program. The address of the next microinstruction is given by a Micro-program counter.
64. Micro-program consists of a set of microinstructions which are strings of 0s and 1s.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The computer understands only binary language. So, the micro-program should have instructions which are in the form of 0s and 1s. Each output line of the micro-program corresponds to one control signal.
65. A decoder is required in case of a ______________
a) Vertical Microinstruction
b) Horizontal Microinstruction
c) Multilevel Microinstruction
d) All types of microinstructions
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of microinstructions: Horizontal and Vertical.
In a horizontal microinstruction, each bit represents a signal to be activated whereas, in case of vertical microinstruction bits are decoded and, the decoder then produces signals.
66. Components that provide internal storage to the CPU are ______
a) Registers
b) Program Counters
c) Controllers
d) Internal chips
Answer: a
Explanation: The Registers are the fast storage units. They are responsible for storing intermediate computational results in the CPU. The registers can be user accessible or inaccessible.
67. Saving data and instructions to make them readily available is the job of __________
a) Storage Unit
b) Cache Unit
c) Input Unit
d) Output Unit
Answer: a
Explanation: The storage unit is responsible for storing the data. It makes the instructions readily available for additional or initial processing whenever required. The cache is a software component that stores data to serve the data requests in future. It can contain the result of some earlier computations.
68. The two basic types of memory in a computer are ________
a) Primary and major
b) Primary and Secondary
c) Minor and Major
d) Main and virtual
Answer: b
Explanation: There are two types of memories in a computer system: The Primary Memory and the Secondary Memory.
The primary memory can be directly accessed by the CPU whereas the secondary memory cannot be directly accessed.
69. . Which of the following is used to hold running program instructions?
a) Primary Storage
b) Virtual Storage
c) Internal Storage
d) Minor Devices
Answer: a
Explanation: The primary storage is responsible for holding the data, intermediate results and the results of ongoing processes or jobs. Virtual storage is the main memory storage required for saving a large amount of data for future reference. The other options are invalid.
70. Which of the following is non-volatile storage?
a) Backup
b) Secondary
c) Primary
d) Cache
Answer: b
Explanation: The secondary storage is the non-volatile storage unit because the data is not lost when the power supply is dissipated. Primary memory is the volatile memory.
71. Which of the following is used in main memory?
a) SRAM
b) DRAM
c) PRAM
d) DDR
Answer: b
Explanation: DRAM stands for dynamic random access memory. It is denser than SDRAM (Static) and therefore it is used in the main memory. They are in the form of semiconductor RAMs.
72. Which of the following are types of ROMs?
a) SROM & DROM
b) PROM & EPROM
c) Only one type there is no further classification
d) PROM & EROM
Answer: b
Explanation: There are four types of Read Only Memories: MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
- MROM stands for Mask ROM
- PROM stands for Programmable ROM
- EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable ROM
- EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
When only a small number of ROMs with a particular memory content is needed, PROM is used and in case of EPROM, all the contents of the storage cells must be erased before the write operation.
73. RAID stands for __________
a) Redundant array of independent disks
b) Redundant array of individual disks
c) Reusable Array of independent disks
d) Reusable array of individual disks
Answer: a
Explanation: RAID is a multiple-disk database design which is viewed as a single logical disk by the operating system. Data are distributed across the physical drives of the array. It guarantees the recovery of data in case of data failure.
74. A non-erasable disk that stores digitized audio information is _____
a) CD
b) CD-ROM
c) DVD-R
d) DVD-RW
Answer: b
Explanation: A CD (compact disk) stores digitized audio information whereas DVD is used more for video than audio. Once data is written on the CD-ROM, it cannot be erased. It is Read-Only and can be read many times.
75. The first practical form of Random Access Memory was the __________
a) SSEM
b) Cathode Ray Tube
c) William’s Tube
d) Thomas’s Tube
Answer: c
Explanation: The first practical form of RAM was William’s Tube made in 1947. It stored data as electrically charged spots on the face of a Cathode Ray Tube.
76. Any electronic holding place where data can be stored and retrieved later whenever required is ____________
a) memory
b) drive
c) disk
d) circuit
Answer: a
Explanation: Memory is the place where data can be stored and later retrieved. Memory can be of classified into register, cache, main memory, etc.
77. Cache memory is the onboard storage.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Cache Memory is the memory closest to the CPU. Registers, Cache and the main memory are the means of onboard storage in the computer system.
78.Which of the following is the fastest means of memory access for CPU?
a) Registers
b) Cache
c) Main memory
d) Virtual Memory
Answer: a
Explanation: Registers are the fastest means of access for CPU. Registers are the small memory locations which are present closest to the CPU.
79. The memory implemented using the semiconductor chips is _________
a) Cache
b) Main
c) Secondary
d) Registers
Answer: b
Explanation: The main memory is implemented using semiconductor chips. Main memory is located on the motherboard. It mainly consists of RAM and small amount of ROM.
80. Size of the ________ memory mainly depends on the size of the address bus.
a) Main
b) Virtual
c) Secondary
d) Cache
Answer: a
Explanation: The size of the main memory depends on the size of the address bus of the CPU. The main memory mainly consists of RAM and ROM, where RAM contains the current data and programs and ROM contains permanent programs like BIOS.
81. Which of the following is independent of the address bus?
a) Secondary memory
b) Main memory
c) Onboard memory
d) Cache memory
Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary memory is independent of the address bus. It increases the storage space. It is implemented in the form of magnetic storage devices.
82. ____________ storage is a system where a robotic arm will connect or disconnect off-line mass storage media according to the computer operating system demands.
a) Secondary
b) Virtual
c) Tertiary
d) Magnetic
Answer: c
Explanation: The tertiary storage is the correct option. It is used in the realms of enterprise storage and scientific computing on large computer systems and business computer networks and is something a typical personal computer never sees firsthand.
83. What is the location of the internal registers of CPU?
a) Internal
b) On-chip
c) External
d) Motherboard
Answer: b
Explanation: The internal registers are present on-chip. They are therefore present inside the CPU. L1 cache is also present on-chip inside the CPU.
84. MAR stands for ___________
a) Memory address register
b) Main address register
c) Main accessible register
d) Memory accessible register
Answer: a
Explanation: The MAR stands for memory address register. It holds the address of the active memory location.
85. If M denotes the number of memory locations and N denotes the word size, then an expression that denotes the storage capacity is ______________
a) M*N
b) M+N
c) 2M+N
d) 2M-N
Answer: a
Explanation: Storage capacity is the product of a number of memory locations that is the number of words and the word size or the number of bits stored per location. Storage capacity should be as large as possible.
86. What is the high speed memory between the main memory and the CPU called?
a) Register Memory
b) Cache Memory
c) Storage Memory
d) Virtual Memory
Answer: b
Explanation: It is called the Cache Memory. The cache memory is the high speed memory between the main memory and the CPU.
87. Cache Memory is implemented using the DRAM chips.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The Cache memory is implemented using the SRAM chips and not the DRAM chips. SRAM stands for Static RAM. It is faster and is expensive.
88. Whenever the data is found in the cache memory it is called as _________
a) HIT
b) MISS
c) FOUND
d) ERROR
Answer: a
Explanation: Whenever the data is found in the cache memory, it is called as Cache HIT. CPU first checks in the cache memory since it is closest to the CPU.
89. LRU stands for ___________
a) Low Rate Usage
b) Least Rate Usage
c) Least Recently Used
d) Low Required Usage
Answer: c
Explanation: LRU stands for Least Recently Used. LRU is a type of replacement policy used by the cache memory.
90.When the data at a location in cache is different from the data located in the main memory, the cache is called _____________
a) Unique
b) Inconsistent
c) Variable
d) Fault
Answer: b
Explanation: The cache is said to be inconsistent. Inconsistency must be avoided as it leads to serious data bugs.
91. Which of the following is not a write policy to avoid Cache Coherence?
a) Write through
b) Write within
c) Write back
d) Buffered write
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no policy which is called as the write within policy. The other three options are the write policies which are used to avoid cache coherence.
92.. Which of the following is an efficient method of cache updating?
a) Snoopy writes
b) Write through
c) Write within
d) Buffered write
Answer: a
Explanation: Snoopy writes is the efficient method for updating the cache. In this case, the cache controller snoops or monitors the operations of other bus masters.
93 In ____________ mapping, the data can be mapped anywhere in the Cache Memory.
a) Associative
b) Direct
c) Set Associative
d) Indirect
Answer: a
Explanation: This happens in the associative mapping. In this case, a block of data from the main memory can be mapped anywhere in the cache memory.
94. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format is ____
a) 1
b) 11
c) 9
d) 23
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.
95. The transfer between CPU and Cache is ______________
a) Block transfer
b) Word transfer
c) Set transfer
d) Associative transfer
Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer is a word transfer. In the memory subsystem, word is transferred over the memory data bus and it typically has a width of a word or half-word.
96. Which of the following is the biggest challenge in the cache memory design?
a) delay
b) size
c) coherency
d) memory access
Answer: c
Explanation: The coherency is a major challenge in designing the cache memory. The cache has to be designed by solving the problem of data coherency while remaining hardware and software compatible.
97.What arises when a copy of data is held both in the cache and in the main memory?
a) stall data
b) stale data
c) stop data
d) wait for the state
Answer: b
Explanation: The stale data arises when the copy is held both in the cache memory and in the main memory. If either copy is modified, the other data become stale and the system coherency can be destroyed.
98. In which writing scheme does all the data writes go through to main memory and update the system and cache?
a) write-through
b) write-back
c) write buffering
d) no caching of writing cycle
Answer: a
Explanation: There are different writing scheme in the cache memory which increases the cache efficiency and one such is the write-through in which all the data go to the main memory and can update the system as well as the cache.
99. . In which writing scheme does the cache is updated but the main memory is not updated?
a) write-through
b) write-back
c) no caching of writing cycle
d) write buffering
Answer: b
Explanation: The cache write-back mechanism needs a bus snooping system for the coherency. In this write-back scheme, the cache is updated first and the main memory is not updated.
100. In which writing scheme does the cache is not updated?
a) write-through
b) write-back
c) write buffering
d) no caching of writing cycle
Answer: d
Explanation: The no caching write cycle does not update the cache but the data is written to the cache. If the previous data had cached, that entry is invalid and will not use. This makes the processor fetch data directly from the main memory.