Date & Time Functions
1) TODAY( ): Returns the current date
Syntax: =TODAY( )
Example: =TODAY( )
Result: 16/06/2026 (Current Date)
2) WEEKDAY( ): Returns the day number of the week
Syntax: =WEEKDAY(Date)
Example: =WEEKDAY(TODAY( ))
Result: 3 (if today is Tuesday)
Note: 1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, …, 7 = Saturday
3) NOW(): Returns the current date and time
Syntax: =NOW( )
Example: =NOW( )
Result: 16/06/2026 08:30 PM
4) DAY(): Returns the day from a date
Syntax: =DAY(Date)
Example: =DAY(“16/06/2026”)
Result: 16
5) MONTH(): Returns the month from a date
Syntax: =MONTH(Date)
Example: =MONTH(“16/06/2026”)
Result: 6
6) YEAR(): Returns the year from a date
Syntax: =YEAR(Date)
Example: =YEAR(“16/06/2026”)
Result: 2026
Mathematical Functions
7) SUM(): Adds all numbers
Syntax: =SUM(Number1,Number2,…)
Example: =SUM(100,200,300)
Result: 600
8) AVERAGE(): Returns the average
Syntax: =AVERAGE(Number1,Number2,…)
Example: =AVERAGE(50,60,70)
Result: 60
9) MAX(): Returns the largest value
Syntax: =MAX(Select Range)
Example: =MAX(45,80,95,60)
Result: 95
10) MIN(): Returns the smallest value
Syntax: =MIN(Select Range)
Example: =MIN(45,80,95,60)
Result: 45
Logical Functions
11) IF(): Checks a condition
Syntax: =IF(Condition,True,False)
Example: =IF(Marks>=50,”Pass”,”Fail”)
Result: Pass
12) AND( ): Returns TRUE if all conditions are true
Syntax: =AND(Condition1,Condition2)
Example: =AND(Num1>=50,Num2>=50)
Result: TRUE
13) OR(): Returns TRUE if any condition is true
Syntax: =OR(Condition1,Condition2)
Example: =OR(Num1>=50,Num2>=50)
Result: TRUE
Text Functions
14) LEFT(): Returns characters from the left side
Syntax: =LEFT(Text,Number_of_Characters)
Example: =LEFT(“COMPUTER”,4)
Result: COMP
15) RIGHT(): Returns characters from the right side
Syntax: =RIGHT(Text,Number_of_Characters)
Example: =RIGHT(“COMPUTER”,3)
Result: TER
16) MID(): Returns characters from the middle
Syntax: =MID(Text,Start,Length)
Example: =MID(“COMPUTER”,3,4)
Result: MPUT
17) LEN(): Returns the length of text
Syntax: =LEN(Text)
Example: =LEN(“COMPUTER”)
Result: 8
Lookup Functions
18) VLOOKUP(): Searches data vertically
Syntax: =VLOOKUP(LookupValue,Table,Column number,FALSE)
Example: =VLOOKUP(101,A2:D10,2,FALSE)
Result: Employee Name
19) HLOOKUP(): Searches data horizontally
Syntax: =HLOOKUP(“Feb”,A1:F5,2,FALSE)
Result: February Value
Financial Function
20) PMT(): Calculates EMI
Syntax: =PMT(Rate/12,Years*12,-LoanAmount)
Example: =PMT(10%/12,5*12,-500000)
Result: Monthly EMI
21) COUNT(): Counts Numeric Values
Syntax: =COUNT(Range)
Example: =COUNT(Table range)
Result: Number of numeric cells
22) COUNTA(): Counts Non-Blank Cells
Syntax: =COUNTA(Range)
Example: =COUNTA(Table range)
Result: Number of non-empty cells
23) COUNTBLANK(): Counts Blank Cells
Syntax: =COUNTBLANK(Range)
Example: =COUNTBLANK(Table range)
Result: Number of blank cells
24) COUNTIF(): Counts Cells Matching a Condition
Syntax: =COUNTIF(Range,Criteria)
Example: =COUNTIF(Table range,”Sales”)
Result: Counts all Sales department employees
25) SUMIF(): Adds Values Based on a Condition
Syntax: =SUMIF(Range,Criteria,Sum_Range)
Example: =SUMIF(Range,”Sales”,Sum Range)
Result: Total salary of Sales department
26) AVERAGEIF(): Calculates Average Based on a Condition
Syntax: =AVERAGEIF(Range,Criteria,Average_Range)
Example: =AVERAGEIF(Range,”Sales”, Average range)
Result: Average salary of Sales department
27) ROUND(): Rounds a Number
Syntax: =ROUND(Number,Digits)
Example: =ROUND(125.678,2)
Result: 125.68
28) ROUNDUP(): Rounds Up a Number
Syntax: =ROUNDUP(Number,Digits)
Example: =ROUNDUP(125.321,2)
Result: 125.33
29) ROUNDDOWN(): Rounds Down a Number
Syntax: =ROUNDDOWN(Number,Digits)
Example: =ROUNDDOWN(125.987,2)
Result: 125.98
30) ABS(): Returns Absolute Value
Syntax: =ABS(Number)
Example: =ABS(-250)
Result: 250
31) SQRT(): Returns Square Root
Syntax: =SQRT(Number)
Example: =SQRT(144)
Result: 12
32) POWER(): Raises Number to a Power
Syntax: =POWER(Number,Power)
Example: =POWER(5,3)
Result: 125
33) CONCATENATE(): Joins Text Strings
Syntax: =CONCATENATE(Text1,Text2,…)
Example: =CONCATENATE(“MS”,” “,”Excel”)
Result: MS Excel
34) UPPER(): Converts Text to Uppercase
Syntax: =UPPER(Text)
Example: =UPPER(“computer”)
Result: COMPUTER
35) LOWER(): Converts Text to Lowercase
Syntax: =LOWER(Text)
Example: =LOWER(“COMPUTER”)
Result: computer
36) PROPER(): Capitalizes First Letter of Each Word
Syntax: =PROPER(Text)
Example: =PROPER(“sr computer institute”)
Result: Arif Hussain
37) TRIM(): Removes Extra Spaces
Syntax: =TRIM(Text)
Example: =TRIM(” MS Excel “)
Result: MS Excel
38) FIND(): Finds Position of Text
Syntax: =FIND(Find_Text,Within_Text)
Example: =FIND(“E”,”EXCEL”)
Result: 1
39) REPLACE(): Replaces Part of Text
Syntax: =REPLACE(Text,Start,Length,New_Text)
Example: =REPLACE(“COMPUTER”,1,4,”LAP”)
Result: LAPUTER
40) TEXT(): Formats Number as Text
Syntax: =TEXT(Value,Format)
Example: =TEXT(TODAY(),”DD-MMM-YYYY”)
Result: 16-Jun-2026
41) RANK(): Returns Rank of a Number
Syntax: =RANK(Number,Range)
Example: =RANK(85,number range)
Result: Rank Position
42) LARGE(): Returns Nth Largest Value
Syntax: =LARGE(Range,N)
Example: =LARGE(A1:A10,2)
Result: 2nd Largest Number
43) SMALL(): Returns Nth Smallest Value
Syntax: =SMALL(Range,N)
Example: =SMALL(A1:A10,3)
Result: 3rd Smallest Number
44) FV(): Calculates Future Value
Syntax: =FV(Rate,Nper,Pmt)
Example: =FV(8%,5,-10000)
Result: Future Investment Value
45) PV(): Calculates Present Value
Syntax: =PV(Rate,Nper,Pmt)
Example: =PV(8%,5,10000)
Result: Present Value